Saturday, 2 June 2012

Online Vocational Nursing Schools and Colleges: How to Choose

Vocational nurses work under the direction of registered nurses and physicians to care for disabled or injured patients, often in long-term care facilities, like nursing homes. Fully-online programs are not available for those interested in entry-level vocational nursing careers.

How to Choose an Online School for Vocational Nursing

Degree Options and Licensing Requirements

Fully-online degrees for prospective vocational nurses can't normally fulfill licensing requirements. Though requirements vary by state, all vocational nurses must complete the NCLEX-PN examination before being licensed to practice. Most states take direct responsibility for approving nursing schools and require all vocational nurses to graduate from an approved program before licensing.
Normally, states do not approve fully-online vocational nursing programs at all, though at times hybrid programs that allow students to take a portion of their class work online may be available. Prospective students should always check to see that a nursing school is approved by their state before attending. Hybrid programs specifically for practicing vocational nurses who wish to further their nursing education may also be available.

Program Flexibility and Scheduling

Because fully-online programs for vocational nursing are not normally available, students may have difficulty finding a program that fits their schedule. Normally, the online classes associated with a hybrid program do not have any particular schedule and may be completed at any time before a single class end date. Normally, these hybrid programs are designed to serve working adults, with in-person classroom sessions and clinical requirements scheduled for nights and weekends.

Online Program Options for Vocational Nursing

Online-Hybrid Certificate in Vocational Nursing

A hybrid certificate program in vocational nursing is normally designed for students who wish to complete their nursing education while still working full time. Students may be able to complete clinical requirements during nights or weekends, and in-person classes are often offered on the weekends. Common courses include cultural diversity and health care, nutrition, medical terminology, finance management and healthcare ethics.

Online-Hybrid Associate of Applied Science in Nursing

Online associate's degrees in nursing may be available specifically for practicing vocational nurses who wish to complete their nursing degrees and take the NCLEX-RN examination required of registered nurses. Normally, these degrees are also hybrid, but fully-online options may be available depending on the institution and the state. Common courses include nursing skills, mental health, child care and nursing jurisprudence.

Online Vocational Nursing Programs: Education Options

Licensed vocational nursing programs are not fully available online, but students may be able to complete prerequisite courses online or enroll in a hybrid (online and on-campus courses) format program. Programs require attendance in clinical rotations for hands-on experience and some classroom instruction, in addition to online classes

Overview of Online Licensed Vocational Nurse Programs

State boards issue licenses for vocational nurses. Because these programs are experience-intensive and require hands-on training, many courses cannot be completed totally through distance education. Some programs may be available in hybrid format, combining traditional learning, clinical rotations and online classes. LVN certificate programs are often 50 to 60 credit hours and may take anywhere from 1-2 years to complete.

Online Program Information and Requirements

The majority of classes for LVN training must be completed on-campus in a skills lab or clinical settings. A handful of LVN courses may be available online, early in the program. Some programs do not offer LVN specific courses online but may offer prerequisite courses like mathematics or English online.
Students must have a computer with e-mail and Internet access. The computer must meet the specifications, as outlined by the university, to support the content management system used by the university. Certain software may be required, including anti-virus, Adobe Reader and Microsoft Office.

List of Common LVN Courses

Students enrolled in an online LVN program take online LVN specific courses, general education classes and on-campus clinicals. An institution may schedule clinicals on the weekend. Graduates are eligible to take the NCLEX-PN (National Council Licensing Exam for Practical Nursing) exam.

Nursing Overview Class

Students cover a wide range of topics from the historical background of the field to the responsibilities and expectations of a licensed vocational nurse in courses on the foundations of nursing. Ethical and legal concerns, diversity and communication are also topics explored in these courses.

Professional Development Course

Students examine topics related to professional growth. These may include job interviewing, resume writing, delegating authority, continuing education and joining professional organizations.

Nursing - Maternal and Neonatal Course

Course looks at the nursing process in the management and assessment of families in their childbearing years. Course considers the biological, psychological, sociological and culture needs of the families.

Pediatrics Course

Students learn about childcare from the infant to teenage years. Topics include childhood diseases and caring for an ill child using nursing methods.

Physiology and Anatomy Course

This course explores microbiology principles. Other topics include normal function and structure of the body.

General Education Prerequisite Class

LVN certificate programs may suggest, or even require, that students complete courses in general education subjects like mathematics, English, medical terminology or basic computer courses. Some of these subjects, such as English or introductory computer courses, are available online.

Career Information for Licensed Vocational Nurses

Under the guidance of registered nurses and doctors, a licensed vocational nurse cares for disabled or injured individuals or those recovering from illness or injury. Typical duties include recording a patient's vital signs and administering medications. According to a May 2009 survey cited by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, licensed vocational nurses earned a median yearly salary of $39,820 (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education and Licensure Information

To work as a licensed vocational registered nurse, graduates must complete a state-approved education program and pass the NCLEX-PN exam. Licensed vocational nurses may seek to become registered nurses (RNs) by enrolling in a LVN to Registered Nurse (RN) bridge program, generally not offered online.

Online Veterinary Technician Certification Information

If you love animals and have a desire to help and care for small or large animals, an online study program in veterinary technology will meet your course requirements to begin an entry level career. Certification for this field is handled differently by each state, so interested individual will need to research their own state's requirements; the courses and the degree which is needed in order to be eligible for certification can be completed largely online.

Career Overview

Veterinary technicians may take samples from an animal, assist with other diagnostic or medical procedures, do lab work, keep records and educate owners, but everything they do is under the supervision of a full-fledged veterinarian. In order to pursue certification as a veterinary technician, individuals must first complete an accredited degree such as an associate's degree or bachelor's of applied science degree.

Associate of Science in Veterinary Technology

Online veterinary technology programs allow students flexibility with their busy schedules to complete associate degree programs in 2-5 years. Students may even begin working in veterinarian offices as pet nurses or assistants while studying in this program. Licensing may be required by some states before graduates can accept jobs as veterinary technologists.

Veterinary Technology Coursework

Online coursework is taught through multimedia web-based programs as well as textbooks. Some programs may require a practicum toward the end of the program which is not offered online. Some course work topics may include:
  • Animal anatomy
  • Small and large animal nursing skills
  • Animal pharmacology
  • Animal diseases
  • Animal anesthesiology
  • Lab work
  • Diagnostic imaging skills
  • Veterinary math

Bachelor of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistices (BLS) states that 4-year veterinary technology programs more commonly lead to the title of technologist rather than technician. The responsibilities of a technologist are very much like that of a technician, but a technologist may have more opportunities with a wider range of employers, including facilities that conduct research. This degree could also prepare the way if the student later chooses to work toward a Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine. Like the associate degree listed above, graduates of a bachelor's degree will be required to be fully licensed by their state.

Bachelor of Applied Science in Veterinary Technology Coursework

This program offers interactive online learning with textbooks or in-class learning to best meet the needs of the student. Whether presented online or in the classroom, coursework will follow the same requirements for completion of this degree. Courses may include:
  • Animal anatomy
  • Veterinary terminology
  • Veterinary procedures
  • Clinical practices
  • Animals nursing
  • Animal diseases
  • Exotic pets
  • Laboratory skills

Certification

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), most states have a veterinary medical examiner or a department which administers an exam to graduates of an accredited veterinary technology associate or bachelor's degree. The Veterinary Technician National Examination, called the VTNE, is used by many states. A satisfactory score on the exam will result in the license or certification necessary to practice in that state. Like many credentials, veterinary technicians who wish to maintain a valid license will need to complete continuing education throughout their career.

Online Veterinary Technician (Vet Tech) Degree Information

A veterinary technician (or vet tech) is trained to assist a licensed veterinarian in medical, surgical and laboratory procedures. Training is a mix of classroom learning and hands-on experience, because the American Veterinary Medical Association requires that students complete internships prior to licensure. The educational minimum--an associate degree--can be completed entirely online. In this case, internships can be satisfied at local, approved facilities.

Overview of Associate Degrees in Veterinary Technology

The most common online veterinary technology degree is the Associate of Applied Science (AAS). An AAS in Veterinary Technology can be earned in as little as two years, although schools may allow students up to five years to complete this program.

Program Information and Requirements

Programs may require anywhere from 60-75 credits, which typically take two years to achieve. However, there may be a delay in course availability if schools only offer certain veterinary technician courses online every few semesters or years--so students must plan their schedules accordingly. Participants may also be required to travel to approved sites for proctored examinations and to complete clinical experiences. Most coursework is hosted online, but if textbooks are required in addition to materials delivered online, it will be announced during registration or when classes start.

List of Sample Veterinary Technology Courses

A veterinary technician must be prepared to work with a variety of animals, but also be available to assist in business operations. As a result, associate degree programs include medical, science and business courses. Students also learn about the uses and affects of various medications. They practice drawing blood and obtaining specimens for laboratory examination.

Anatomy and Physiology Course

In anatomy and physiology courses, students study the organ systems of large and small animals, including non-traditional pets, such as reptiles. They also learn about histology and genetics.

Office Management for Veterinary Practices Course

Lessons touch upon the reception protocols, computer programs and financial practices used in veterinary offices. A veterinary technician may also be trained in animal behavior and grief counseling. These courses include topics such as inventory control, accountability and personnel management.

Veterinary Nursing Care Course

Students learn bandaging, medication administering and medical sample collecting techniques. These courses also cover dentistry, small animal care and problems with specific bodily systems, including the cardiovascular and digestive systems.

Career Information

A graduate with a vet tech degree can find employment in veterinary clinics or animals hospitals. Duties include performing anesthesia and radiology, nursing sick animals and collecting biological samples for laboratory analysis. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, veterinary technicians and technologists earned between $19,000 and $42,000 in May 2008. Veterinary technician jobs are projected to increase by as much as 36% from 2008-2018 (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education

Bachelor of Science in Veterinary Technology programs are available, and may be offered online. They are more commonly available on college campuses. A bachelor's degree takes approximately four years to complete and may require additional internships and clinical experiences. Some schools accept transfer credits from the earned AAS.

Online Veterinary Science Degree Program Summaries

Universities and colleges do not offer online degrees specifically in veterinary science, but in rare instances, topics that fall under the umbrella of veterinary science, such as food safety or laboratory animal science, are available online as master's degree programs. Working professionals in the food industry and in medical research who want to advance their careers are good candidates to pursue these degrees.

Overview of an Online Master's Degree in Food Safety

An online master's degree in food safety conveys a big picture view of the U.S. food production and distribution system and provides specific training in foodborne pathogens, food microbiology and food chemistry. Food safety programs offered through a school's veterinary science department give special emphasis to food animals and food producing animals. Students develop their abilities to conduct risk analysis and hone their research skills. Applicants to a master's level program need to have earned a bachelor's degree or graduate degree in the biological sciences with completed course work in microbiology and maintained a 3.0 grade point average. Schools may give preference to applicants with food industry service experience.

Program Information and Requirements

Students access course content in an online food safety program through the school's website and submit finished assignments and exams through the same portal. Content is available on a 24-hour basis. Coursework can be completed entirely online. A master's degree is typically earned in two years.
Students need a newer Windows or Mac personal computer, Internet access and Web browser to take part in an online course. Schools may use content management systems, such as ANGEL.

List of Common Food Safety Online Courses

Food safety master's degree programs follow a standard organizational structure of core courses and electives. Elective courses allow students to focus on production, processing, packaging or public health.

Food Safety Introductory Course

This course provides a broad review of the regulatory infrastructure and food industry processes and procedures aimed at keeping the U.S. food supply safe. Topics covered include risk assessment and management, genetically modified organisms, HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) guidelines and bioethics.

Foodborne Pathogens Course

Students in this course examine the relationship between pathogens and their hosts and the adaptations foodborne pathogens make throughout the food production cycle. Food storage and processing, major pathogens, pathogen management and emergency management are among the topics covered.

Food Safety Research

Students design, write and conduct food safety research projects in this course. Course work moves through the process of formulating research problems, constructing hypotheses, gathering data, performing statistical analysis and presenting conclusions.

Career Information for Food Safety Graduates

Graduates of an online master's degree program in food safety are qualified to become food scientists and pursue a range of career paths related to basic food research, food preservation and inspection. Positions are available with food and pharmaceutical manufacturers, university labs, commercial labs and government agencies. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of food scientists is projected to grow 16% from 2008-2018. As of May 2009, the median yearly salary of food scientists was $59,630 (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education Information

People who earn a master's degree in food safety can consider pursuing a doctoral degree in food science, particularly if they want to teach at the postsecondary level or conduct advanced research. As of 2010, schools were not offering food science doctoral programs online.

Overview of an Online Master's Degree in Laboratory Animal Science

An online master's degree program in laboratory animal science provides training in the care of lab animals and the management of lab facilities. The curriculum covers a broad range of subject matter, including lab procedures, standard business management practices and the anatomy and disease profiles of lab animals - which has direct applications to veterinary science. Admission to a master's degree program requires a bachelor's degree, preferably in the life sciences and a 3.0 or better grade point average. Applicants must have also worked in a field related to laboratory animal science for two years at a minimum.

Program Information and Requirements

Online master's degree programs in laboratory animal science are structured so students have maximum flexibility in accessing course materials and completing assignments. Course content is the same as for a traditional program, and programs may be completed entirely online. A student must find a veterinary science professional who will act as a mentor and counselor. A master's degree is typically earned in two years.
Participation in an online program requires a relatively new computer, current operating system, high speed Internet access and headset with microphone. Schools may use a proprietary course management system.

List of Common Laboratory Animal Science Online Courses

Laboratory animal science master's degree programs are commonly divided into a small core set of basic science courses and a larger group of subject-specific courses. A thesis project is generally not part of the program.

Animal Anatomy Introductory Course

Students in this course receive a broad review of the anatomy and physiology of animals commonly used in laboratory experiments. Topics covered include mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, cats, ferrets, swine, sheep, horses and cattle.

Care of Lab Animals Course

This course examines established processes and procedures for monitoring the health and maintaining the well-being and safety of laboratory animals before, during and after experiments. Animal pathologies, disease symptoms and lab ethics are among the topics covered.

Animal Research Models Course

Principles and concepts supporting the use of lab animals as substitutes for human subjects in biomedical research are the focus of this course. Students learn specific taxonomic equivalencies of various lab animals to humans as well as their shared disease profiles.

Career Information for Laboratory Animal Science Graduates

Graduates of a master's degree program in laboratory animal science are qualified for supervisory, managerial and educator positions at research labs that use animals. Graduates may also become consultants or sales representatives. Universities, pharmaceutical companies and government agencies are among the institutions that may employ their services. According to Payscale.com, as of August 2010 for workers with 1-4 years of experience, medical lab supervisors earned median salaries of $41,077-$61,378 and university lab supervisors earned median salaries of $30,701-$42,729.

Online Veterinary Assistant Schools: How to Choose

Veterinary assistants often work in animal hospitals, veterinary clinics or animal shelters. They typically handle administrative duties and assist the veterinarian with the animals as needed. Online veterinary assistant certificate programs are available for students seeking training in this field.

How to Choose an Online School for Veterinary Assistants

Presentation Format and Program Availability

Online programs for veterinary assistants are typically available as certificate programs. Different programs may be presented through a variety of means. E-mail, online forums and message boards, voice conferencing and instant messaging are all common communication tools used in online courses. Students may submit tests and assignments via e-mail or take live tests through online testing or assignment software. Audio or video tapes, physical textbooks, flash cards and pronunciation guides may all be employed as learning aides for students, depending on the program they choose. Different schools present their online learning programs using a different combination of these tools; prospective online veterinary assistant students may wish to visit the websites of the schools under consideration to review the formats and choose one that fits their preferred learning styles.

Curriculum Focus

These online programs typically include classes regarding the administrative responsibilities of veterinary assistants. The classes cover communicating with customers, scheduling, finances and the other tasks that are required to run a veterinary practice. Some programs also include classes regarding animal handling and care, such as grooming, animal anatomy and physiology, disease and emergency care. Because programs often have varying combinations of these classes, students may wish to consider their overall career goals when choosing an online program, such as whether they wish to focus on strictly on administrative duties or a balance of the two.

Online Veterinary Assistants School Programs

Online Veterinary Assistant Certificate

Though not as common as traditional, on-campus programs, online veterinary assistant certificate programs are available from many different colleges and universities. The certificate may be achieved in about six months to one year, though pacing is normally individualized to the student in online programs. Common courses include veterinary medical terminology, breed identification, veterinary office practices, office billing, grooming and animal handling.

Online Veterinary Assistant Degree Program Overviews

Online associate's degree programs in veterinary assisting are relatively common. Bachelor's degree programs may also be found online, but these are much rarer.

Associate's Degree in Veterinary Assisting Overview

Veterinary assisting programs may be somewhat difficult to find in online format, but veterinary technology programs are similar and also prepare students to assist veterinarians in caring for animals. Veterinary technology programs are more intensive in the sciences and prepare students to perform advanced clinical duties in the veterinary office. Considering veterinary technology programs will expand students' options when searching for online degree programs. Students enrolled in these programs learn different aspects of veterinary health care, including laboratory procedures, office administration and clinical care. Veterinary assisting programs aim to equip students with the skills needed to care for animals and effectively communicate with their owners.

Program Information and Requirements

Associate's degree programs in veterinary assisting or technology generally take between two and three years to complete. Veterinary assisting programs may be offered completely online, while veterinary technology programs typically require students to complete some portions of the curriculum in-person. For example, students may be required to gain clinical experience in a veterinary hospital.

List of Common Veterinary Assisting Courses

A program may require a student to take general education courses that may include English, English composition and animal science. Students may perform on-site practicums (if required) by working or volunteering in a veterinary facility. Students may be required to document experience by videotaping it or by sending in materials produced.

Animal Anatomy Course

Students learn how to identify the anatomical regions and landmarks of domestic animals. Topographical terms are taught.

Animal Physiology Course

The physiology of domestic animals is covered, with emphasis placed on different system types, such as ruminant, non-ruminant monogastric and monogastric digestive systems. The way physiology affects certain diseases is also covered.

Veterinary Medical Terminology Course

Students are introduced to the terminology used in the veterinary and medical fields. The structure of such terms is discussed in order to foster understanding of the terms.

Animal Nursing Course

Clinical care skills are taught, including administering medications, processing radiographs and preparing surgical instruments. The course covers laboratory and exam room procedures.

Veterinary Office Procedures Course

This course strengthens students' math skills and teaches how mathematics is applied in managing a veterinary office. Veterinary computer applications are also introduced.

Career Information for Graduates

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov), the demand for skilled veterinary technicians and assistants is expected to grow much faster than average during the 2008-2018 decade. The average salary for veterinary technicians in 2009 was $30,580, while veterinary assistants earned an average of $23,400.

Bachelor's Degree in Veterinary Assisting Overview

Online bachelor's degree programs in veterinary assisting or technology are much less common than online associate's degree programs. Most must be completed in-person. However, students interested in managing a veterinary care facility may be interested in completing a veterinary technology management program online. This type of program teaches students who are already veterinary technicians the skills they need to become competent in business management. The curriculum includes many business courses, but tailors them to be specific to the veterinary field.

Program Information and Requirements

Since the program is designed for students who are already veterinary technicians, completion of a 2-year veterinary technology program with a GPA of at least 2.0 is a prerequisite for enrolling in the program. Because a 2-year degree is usually required, this type of program often takes only two years to complete. Students have the option of completing a veterinary technology management program fully online.

List of Common Veterinary Assisting Courses

Students entering an online B.S. in Veterinary Technology Management may be required to complete introductory courses in marketing, advertising, accounting and economics. Programs may consist of management, business and veterinary courses.

Business Law Course

An overview of the legal systems in the United States is presented. Students explore the procedures of both state and federal courts. Legal issues relating to business, such as the law of contracts, the law of agency and certain sections of the Uniform Commercial Code, are discussed.

Veterinary Facility Management Course

Students learn how to manage finances, the physical space of the veterinary facility and business operations. Methods for choosing a facility and coming up with annual plans are covered.

Advertising Course

Students learn how to apply advertising to the marketing of services. The course covers ways to design effective advertising campaigns.

Veterinary Human Resources Course

This course teaches students how to manage human resources, including hiring, training and evaluating employees. Students learn to write job descriptions and manage employee schedules. Techniques for motivating, disciplining and discharging employees are also discussed.

Veterinary Organization Course

Students learn how to manage equipment, inventory and medical records. Computer systems are presented and students learn how they are applied in veterinary practices.

Career Information for Graduates

Upon completion of the program, graduates are prepared to manage a veterinary business. Animal resource managers can work in the pharmaceutical industry or in research institutions, academic facilities or private practices. According to Payscale.com, veterinary practice managers earned a median salary of $41,608 in 2010. Office managers earned a median salary of $34,136.