Online Associate's Degrees: How Does an Associate's Degree Online Work?

You would like to earn an online associate's degree? Learn more about choosing an online associate degree program, and find out what classes are like here.

What is an online associate's degree?
An associate's degree usually consists of 60 credits earned over the course of 2 years at a community college or technical or trade school. These credits can then be used to transfer to a 4-year institution, and be counted towards a bachelor's degree (which takes 120 credits to earn). The same number of credits is earned in an online degree program, and these credits, too, can be used to transfer to a bachelor's program. The main difference between an online degree program and one at a brick and mortar community college is that you will not have to live near the college - you will be able to 'attend' from home, work, or anywhere else you are able to access the internet.
Choosing a degree program
While students enrolled at a traditional community college or trade school may often experiment with different courses before deciding upon a course of study, it is more usual for the online associate's degree student to choose a particular program of study before enrolling in an online school.
How are classes scheduled?
Most classes are still scheduled to 'meet' at particular times - everyone will sit down at their computer at the same time, say, every Monday and Wednesday from 7-9 PM (most classes are scheduled at night for the convenience of the working student). There may, however, be some classes that you can take at any time by downloading that week's 'lecture' in the form of notes, a PowerPoint, or video. Community colleges were actually offering 'virtual' classes long before many mainstream universities in the form of classes offered on TV - you would watch each week's class on the public access channel (and these classes were often broadcast at several different times in the week, or you could always record the program and watch it at your convenience), then send in completed homework assignments and tests by mail.
How do classes communicate?
You will use email to communicate with your instructors and fellow students in your program. You might also communicate at pre-arranged times in chat rooms or by instant messaging so the whole class can participate in a discussion. Another type of technology you might use is something called a 'whiteboard' - the instructor can use special pens to draw on a whiteboard in a classroom, and you will be able to see this drawing right on your computer screen.

Learner-Controlled Distance Learning: How Does IT Work?

The amount of control that a student has over his or her studies while enrolled in a distance-education program depends on the school and even the professor teaching a class. Some options are almost entirely learner-controlled, while others are more like a traditional college program in terms of their pacing and requirements.

Learner-Controlled Distance Learning: Online and Hybrid

Online educational programs may be available through a hybrid format or entirely via the Internet. Hybrid programs are those that contain distance-learning elements but also require some participation on campus, to varying degrees. For example, a student may need to participate in proctored, on-site testing or experiential labs and workshops. The rest of their coursework may be under their direct control in terms of submitting papers and reading materials.
Fully online courses are often more learner-controlled than their hybrid counterparts, because students can work at any hour of the day or night. They may not have any fixed schedule at all, or they may need to turn in certain assignments - especially tests - on a set date while the rest of the program is fluid. Most classes and programs have a fixed start and end date; these often correspond to the school's regular, on-campus schedule.

Communication and Interaction

Students interact with each other and teachers through e-mail, instant messaging and message boards. There are usually options to meet at a certain time and chat live, but communications may also only exist asynchronously. Individuals may need to register with their school and receive login account information in order to access an online content delivery system through which they receive class resources and also turn in assignments. However, there may be a minimum requirement for participation and posts.

Technology Requirements

An average level of competence with computer science is typically all schools require for distance-learning enrollment, and technical requirements vary by program. Prospective students should be able to type, browse the Web, download attachments and use standard software like Microsoft Office Suite. Hardware commonly involves a personal computer (with modem/router), speakers and a microphone. Software may be specific to a certain field of study, but the school may not specify any beyond an up-to-date operating system and Web browser. Students may need to have their own personal e-mail address; however, some schools issue e-mail addresses and individual accounts to online learners.

Keys to Online Learning: Tips for Students

Distance education programs make learning available at a student's convenience, and numerous colleges and universities offer certificate and degree programs in a variety of fields for online learners. When considering online learning, students should keep a few tips in mind.

Online Learning

Online learning programs appeal to many different types of students, such as employed individuals who balance work with education. These distance learning programs deliver course content over the Internet to a student's computer, and interaction between instructors and students occurs via e-mail, discussion forums, Web videos and online chat rooms. Many schools use online course management sites, such as Blackboard, to make online learning accessible to students. The programs still use course materials, such as textbooks or software, and students are typically responsible for securing their own computer access and Internet connection. Different online formats exist, so individuals should consider which type works best before choosing a school.

Program Formats

When looking at online programs, students may wish to consider whether they want a format that's completely online or if they can commit to a partially on-campus program. Many distance learning programs are available fully online; this format allows students to complete and submit all of their coursework from any computer location, any time of day or night. Other online programs may be hybrids that require some on-campus attendance. Scheduling for on-campus classes may be on weekends or evenings to accommodate working students. Some online courses also require exams to be proctored by an approved instructor or testing facility; in this situation, students often need to find a proctor in their area to administer their exams.

Time Management

Many online programs are self-paced and allow individuals to follow courses at their own speed, but they're structured in a way that students must meet assignment deadlines. This requires students to be self-disciplined and motivated, because they're responsible for pacing themselves and keeping up with assignments. Students who are new to online learning may want to enroll in an elective course prior to taking on a full-course load. This approach introduces the concept of online learning to students without overloading them, and they can gauge whether or not it's a feasible option.

Technology

Since online learning requires the navigation of computers and the Internet, students often need to have a basic familiarity with both of these components prior to program enrollment. Online orientations show newcomers the basics and are part of some distance learning programs. Online tutorials teach students such tips as how to use course management systems, manage files, conduct research and calculate study time.

How to Prepare for Your First Online Course

Online classes allow students to attend class without traveling, while retaining a flexible schedule. Those considering enrollment in an online class for the first time should know what to expect and how this kind of schooling differs from in-class options. The following article explains how to prepare.

Online Classes: What to Expect

Online classes are increasingly available through colleges and universities. In fact, many postsecondary institutions have entire online schools just for hosting distance-learning opportunities. They may be available as part of a hybrid program that's partially hosted on campus or as part of a wholly online degree program. In either case, individuals must be accepted to the school's normal admission process at the undergraduate or graduate level. On the other hand, there are noncredit courses that individuals can enroll independently for professional development or personal enrichment.

Delivery Format and Communication

Web-based classes are often offered via education software like Blackboard. Students log on to an online portal that consolidates lectures (via recording or video files), reading materials and communication forums in one location for convenient access. Participants may interact with peers and their professors through e-mail, message boards and sometimes instant messaging.
Curricula may follow on-campus semester schedules or even run alongside a concurrent live class. Or assignments and testing may take place asynchronously with only fixed due dates, depending on the school. Noncredit courses may have open enrollment and unfixed schedules that are totally up to students' discretion to complete.

Self-Motivated Learning Style

Online classes require a much more self-motivated learning style than traditional classes. Students must set aside time to log into their classes and do their work on a regular basis. They may have participation quotas in addition to assignment deadlines. Many full degree programs recommend factoring in about 20 hours per week to dedicate to online classes, though time management isn't supervised. To make up for social engagement that happens in a classroom, many programs assign group projects that require frequent communication between individuals; in this sense, students may wind up relying on others' ability to contribute regularly to projects.
Students must be proactive about understanding class schedules and how to submit their work. Those who enroll in a completely online program may encounter a variety of pacing requirements dependent on each instructor, and they need to be able to manage several schedules at the same time. They should also be prepared to do a lot of writing, as posting documents and messages online often replaces verbal chat that would regularly occur in the classroom.

Technological Requirements

Anyone considering an online class should have a basic understanding of computer applications. They should own a personal computer and know how to use e-mail and chat services. They are often responsible for downloading materials and installing or updating basic programs (which vary by program type). Schools may stipulate what kind of RAM or memory is necessary to support learning materials; they may also require specific hardware or software, some of which students may need to purchase on top of tuition costs. Programs commonly recommend having an updated operating system and browser with access to high-speed Internet.

How to Find the Accreditation for an Online University

Online universities offer students the opportunity to complete certificate or degree programs on their own schedule and at the location they choose. The first step for many students searching for an online university is to locate schools that are accredited by a reputable accreditation agency. Read on to learn how to start your research and find the best accredited online university.

How to Locate Accreditation Agencies for Online Universities

Locating accreditation agencies on the internet begins with a search using keywords, such as online, distance education, accredited colleges or universities. The accreditation agencies found during this search should be non-profit, private institutions, as well as approved by the United States Department of Education (USDE) and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA).
Most online universities list the accreditation information on their website and this can be confirmed through the USDE or CHEA websites. The CHEA (www.chea.org) offers a search for online accredited programs, which can be useful for finding a variety of universities or ensuring a specific school is accredited by a reputable agency.
Many online universities that are accredited receive federal funding, which assists students in the financial aid process. Finding an accredited online university is also important for students who plan to transfer or pursue an advanced degree once they finish the online degree or certificate program.

List of Accreditation Agencies

There are not currently any specific accreditation institutions for online universities; however, there are over 55 regional and national accreditation agencies. Students may consider using the following sample of accreditation agencies approved by the USDE and CHEA in their search for online universities:

• Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, Middle States Commission on Higher Education
• Distance Education and Training Council, Accrediting Commission
• American Psychological Association, Committee on Accreditation
• National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission
• Teacher Education Accreditation Council, Accreditation Committee
• American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education
• National Association of Schools of Theatre, Commission on Accreditation
• American Academy for Liberal Education
• Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology
• Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges

How to Avoid Isolation in Your Online Course

Online classes don't have to be completed in isolation. Students who enroll in online programs may discover they have a lot in common with other students and have an opportunity to study with them and develop relationships.

Using In-Class Resources to Avoid Isolation

Online learning is a fairly open environment, and students usually get as much or as little from online classes as they believe possible, both academically and socially. Most classes provide a means to communicate both with teachers and other students, and some classes require a minimum amount of participation to earn a passing grade. Usually, students and teachers communicate with each other via e-mail, a class message board or by instant messenger. Some classes may even employ video or voice conferencing via webcam or live voice chat.
Generally, these methods of communicating are intended for a discussion of class topics, and some instructors may encourage students to offer suggestions and feedback on particular lessons or assignments. While online programs are not ideal for maintaining purely social interaction with others, they can provide a way to get to know fellow students who have similar interests and goals. Opportunities may be available to develop and form relationships outside the classroom with students.

Maintaining Social Activity Using Resources Outside of Class

While online classes provide less social interaction than traditional classes, they do provide the opportunity for students to socialize on their own time and in different ways. Because online classes are not monitored, students can use instant messenger during class to talk to each other or their friends outside of class.
If students in an online program live in the same area, they can get together for courses or help one another with homework and projects. Students may also get together at a coffee shop or café to go over course notes and prepare for exams. Taking field trips together or visiting museums and landmarks related to course topics may be arranged outside of class as well.

How Much Do Online Classes for LPNs Cost Typically?

The cost of online LPN training varies by program. Depending upon goals and interests, students may end up paying thousands of dollars for a single class or more for an entire program delivered in a hybrid format. Other factors affecting cost include books, computer software and hardware and departmental fees.

Typical Costs of Online LPN Classes

There's no one set cost of online LPN classes. Cost is dependent upon a number of factors, including the type of institution, the number of courses taken, the cost of required and supplemental course materials and any other fees associated with the class.

What Types of Online LPN Classes Exist?

Hybrid Programs

Hybrid programs require students to complete academic coursework online and clinical practice in a local medical facility. Some general courses in these programs may include health promotion and assessment, gerontology and medical-surgical nursing, nutrition, physiology, anatomy, pharmacology and public speaking.

Refresher Courses

Online refresher courses are available for LPNs as well. These courses are designed for inactive LPNs interested in returning to the field after an absence. The courses are typically divided in two parts, web-based training and an in-person clinical practicum. Web-based course topics may include pharmacology, adult health nursing and contemporary medical-surgical nursing. The clinical practicum consists of supervised, hands-on training and generally takes place in a hospital, long-term care facility or other healthcare setting.

Licensure

LPNs must pass The National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-PN) in order to become licensed. The exam is computer-based and covers topics in maintaining and promoting health, physiological and psychosocial integrity and creating a safe and effective care environment. Eligibility requirements for licensure vary by state.

Salary Information and Job Outlook

According to PayScale.com, licensed practical nurses earn between $31,933-$44,891 per year. The most popular industries for LPNs were healthcare, long-term and rehabilitative care, nursing home, hospital and family medicine.
Employment opportunities were predicted to grow by 21% from 2008 to 2018, reported the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov). Much of this growth will come from the need for long-term care of an increasingly elderly population in the U.S. An overall increase in the demand for general healthcare services will drive growth as well. Hospitals will continue to be one of the largest employers of LPNs.

How Does an Online Degree Work?

Students in an online degree program learn through the Internet and web-based software. Online degrees follow a spectrum, from strictly scheduled to self-paced, depending on the type of program, and are usually presented via an online education portal system.

Online Degree Format and Pacing

Online degrees are available through traditional education institutions in a fully online format or a hybrid degree format. A hybrid degree format includes both online and campus-based classes. There are also many online institutions, with no physical campus, that offer educational opportunities to students.
Class formats for online degrees vary, and it's important for students to enroll in a class format that fits their schedule. The more traditionally-scheduled class assigns and requires students to complete regular assignments and tests by certain dates throughout the semester. A self-paced course allows students to work at whatever pace they may wish, for as long as necessary to complete the course. Many classes fall somewhere in between these two formats and require students to have all work submitted by a particular date at the end of the semester.

Online Degree Specifics and Requirements

Because online degrees are not set in a physical classroom, students are required to show some sort of participation, either by posting a certain number of times in the class discussion boards or by completing class assignments with other students. In hybrid classes, this requirement is usually waived, as students must show up for a physical class on certain days throughout the semester. In continuing education programs or degrees for working adults, this participation requirement may be less stringent.
Most online classes are presented via a website that integrates forums, instant messenger, e-mail and streaming audio and video. Programs also offer automatic testing and real-time assignment review capabilities to create an online classroom environment for students. This 'virtual classroom' allows students to interact with each other and communicate with their teachers, along with viewing class calendars or informational posts. Teachers have the option of posting lectures and assignments as video, audio or text files.

Finding the Online Program that Best Suits Your Needs

This article provides different ways to find out what online program is appropriate for an individual's specific needs by researching different schools and finding out what materials are needed.

If you're trying to decide what type of online education program best suits your needs, you may want to begin by talking to the educational counselor at the school that you're interested in.
As online programs improve, many employers are willing to accept online degrees along with traditional degrees. You could also try talking to someone at a company that you're interested in to determine what type of program the company prefers.

Degree Options

You should be aware of your options as you begin looking through different schools. There are online schools, community colleges, and four-year universities that offer online education programs. According to Candice Kramer, who writes for the PBS Campus website, '{Faculty} and many adult learners prefer a hybrid, or 'blended' course, in which classes meet face-to-face but many materials are placed online.' If this option can work for you, you can try to find out what professors or courses use this 'blended' method.

Accreditation

Another concern that you may have is whether or not the program you're interested in is accredited.The six major regional accrediting bodies are: The Middle States, The New England Association, The North Central Association, The Northwest Association, The Southern Association and the Western Association.

Enrollment Requirements

Along with finding out if your school is accredited, you may want to find out the specifics about the program, such as the enrollment requirements, required materials and information about units.
Answering these questions may help you understand the program better and help you make a more well-informed decision. For further information online education, you may want to try www.petersons.com/distancelearning or www.guidetoonlineschools.com.

E-Learning FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About E-Learning

E-learning, also known as online or distance learning, is an educational option that allows students to take classes, receive training and earn degrees through a self-paced and flexible online environment. Many colleges and universities are tailoring their e-learning programs for a variety of individuals, including working adults, military personnel, on- and off-campus students and those seeking a career change.

E-Learning: Frequently Asked Questions

What is E-Learning?

These educational options are typically offered by both public and private schools, colleges and universities, as well as through online-only education institutions. Through e-learning programs, students can earn college credits or diplomas, certificates and degrees, either strictly online or through a combination of online and on-campus classes.

What Types of Online Education Programs are Available?

A broad range of technical, undergraduate and graduate programs are available online, including associate's, bachelor's and master's degrees. Doctorate degrees and post-graduate certificate programs sometimes have an e-learning option, as well as many vocational diploma and certificate programs. Some schools also offer non-credit adult education classes online.

How Do I Choose an E-Leaning Program?

One of the major concerns surrounding the choice of an online education program is determining if the program offers a legitimate degree or college credits that are accepted by other schools, employers and institutions that provide student aid funding. Schools recognized by a national or regional accreditation agency offer programs that meet the same standards as a school's on-campus offerings.
Most schools list their accreditation on their website, and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation maintains an accreditation directory (www.chea.org). Also, the U.S. Department of Education has a database of accredited secondary and post-secondary schools, as well as a list of accreditation agencies (www.ed.gov).

How Do E-Learning Programs Work?

Online education programs work in a variety of ways; some programs are a combination of on-campus and online study, while other programs are offered totally online. Often students are allowed to create their own study schedules using class materials, such as taped lectures and slide show presentations, that are accessible 24-7 on the Internet. In some instances, students may be required to log into class at the same time to attend events such as live webcasts or online chat sessions.
Most schools that offer online programs have a portal website through which students can access specific classes, study materials, their grades and other program-related materials and information. Typically, each class has an online page where students can find their assignments, upload homework, participate in class discussions, contact their instructors and view instructional materials. Students usually have access to the school library's online databases, where they can access study materials, such as the online editions of academic journals and periodicals.

What Kind of Technology Will I Need for an E-Learning Program?

Technology requirement vary according to program, but most require a computer and reliable Internet access. Students may need office software such as word processing, spreadsheet and slide presentation programs to complete their assignments. Classroom participation requirements may include equipment or programs for video conferences, chats, podcasts, instant messaging and e-mail.

Distance Learning and Student Visa Extensions: What You Need To Know

Students enrolled in distance learning programs at foreign schools only need a student visa if the school requires any on-campus instruction. Standard student visas allow for 1-3 years of study abroad, though if less time is required, a visitor's visa may be sufficient.

When Do Distance Learning Programs Require a Student Visa?

Typically, distance learning programs do not require students to obtain a student visa. However, if any part of the program requires travel to the foreign country, a student or tourist visa may be required. Each country has its own restrictions and fees associated with student visas, and students should check with the foreign consulate and school before enrolling in an academic program.

Student Visa Requirements

Depending on a student's nation of residence, some countries allow travel and study without requiring a visa. For example, according to the Schengen Agreement signed in 1985, free travel is allowed among 25 countries by their citizens and nationals, including Austria, Iceland, Spain and Germany. Students traveling from non-member countries may require a visa or other documentation during their stay within the country's borders or if traveling through the country. When applying for a student or study visa, the information students must provide includes:

• Length of stay in the country
• Documented proof of college or university acceptance and enrollment
• A valid passport and additional photographs
• Adequate financial means for the duration of the visit
• Current health insurance and immunization records
• Travel or lodging itinerary
• Return travel arrangements to the student's country of residence

Student Visa Fees

Several countries allow students to receive study visas free of charge. Other countries charge fees that range from a minimal amount to hundreds of dollars. Students should check with the host country for the cost of a student visa. Here is a table showing the visa fees charged by some countries to U.S. students who are studying abroad:

Country	Visa Type	Length of Stay	Visa Fee
Argentina	Student	1 year/renewable	$200-$250
Australia	Student	Length of program	$467
China	Student	1 year/multiple entry	$50
Chile	Student	1 year/renewable	$50
Ecuador	Student	1 year	$50
Egypt	Student	Varies	$15
France	Long-stay	Varies	$35-$110
Germany	Residency Permit	Length of program	$63
Italy	Study	90 days	$30
Japan	Student	1 year/renewable	$25-$50
Mexico	Student	1 year	$0-$30
New Zealand	Student	Length of program	$70-$120
Portugal	Student	Length of program	$35
Russia	Student	Length of program	$30
South Africa	Study	1 year/renewable	$0-$150
Switzerland	Student	Length of program	$150
United Kingdom	Student	3 year maximum	$0-$295

Distance Learning Science Degree Program Options

While distance learning science programs are uncommon because of the hands-on lab work usually required, some schools do offer online bachelor's degrees in psychology and online master's degrees in biology and chemistry. Graduates with bachelor's degrees are generally qualified for entry-level jobs and continued academic study, while those with master's degrees may obtain mid-level jobs in teaching and research assistance.

Overview of an Online Bachelor of Science in Psychology

Students working toward a Bachelor of Science in Psychology are introduced to the theories behind why people behave the way they do. Normal and abnormal behavior is studied, from causes to manifestations to applicable treatment options. Students gain research skills and develop the ability to carry out original psychology research. Coursework includes studies of psychology as they apply to children, adults and the elderly.

Program Information and Requirements

Most online bachelor's degree programs in psychology take four years of full-time study to complete. Students typically access lectures, course materials and exams online and very occasionally by mail. Many programs also offer students the opportunity to interact with other learners through discussion and message boards and chat sessions. In distance learning programs where internships are required, students actively make arrangements for placement at locations near their residences. Common locations for internships include clinical treatment settings or mental health agencies.
Distance learning programs with online course delivery require that students have a computer with a reliable, high-speed Internet connection. Students should be computer literate and comfortable using interactive tools like discussion boards, e-mail and chat.

Common Psychology Courses

A selection of core courses that include developmental and abnormal psychology is generally required. Students may also choose electives according to their career goals in areas such as human services, industrial-organizational services or lab research.

Introductory Child Psychology Course

Child psychology focuses on the normal cognitive, social and behavioral development of youth. Students are introduced to the major theories of child development, and they learn to identify important developmental milestones.

Psychology Research Course

This class allows students to practice planning and implementing psychology research projects. They learn about ethical standards and research design options that are appropriate to certain hypotheses. They also practice evaluating results and writing up their findings for peer review.

Overview of Social Psychology Course

This study of how individuals act in social settings includes normal and abnormal behavior. Social psychology explores how an individual interacts with another person one-on-one as well as examining how that individual interacts with the group and within the group.

Career Information for Graduates

A Bachelor of Science in Psychology qualifies graduates for entry-level support positions in psychology, business or sales as well as preparing them for continued academic study at the graduate level. Competition is likely to be stiff, since the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts slow growth in jobs between 2008 and 2018 for bachelor's degree holders seeking psychology-related careers (www.bls.gov).

Continuing Education Information

Graduates from undergraduate distance learning psychology programs are qualified for master's degree study in psychology to prepare for careers in industrial-organizational psychology or in assisting licensed psychologists. The BLS reported that graduates of master's degree programs in psychology will be subject to fierce competition for jobs in the field between 2008 and 2018.

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Overview of an Online Master of Science in Biology

Building upon the knowledge and skills gained through an undergraduate biology program, students enrolled in a distance-learning Master of Science in Biology program continue with advanced study of plant, animal and human life. Most programs balance courses in the examination of cellular structure and biological processes with those in broad concepts like ecology, evolution and animal behavior.

Program Information and Requirements

Students generally take two years of full-time study to complete an online master's degree in biology. Some schools require brief residencies for exams, lab sessions or capstone experiences. Electronic course management systems are a common way for students to access learning materials and lectures, and discussion boards and chat sessions are used for student interaction.
In order to participate in distance learning, students need to have a reliable computer and regular access to a high-speed Internet connection. Some specialized software may be required to access certain course materials.

Common Biology Courses

Students typically have the option of completing a thesis or non-thesis degree program. Non-thesis tracks will typically require more courses or lab work than will thesis-based programs. A small selection of core courses is required; however, students generally choose from a plethora of electives to satisfy their academic goals.

Cell Biology Course

Course materials offer an advanced look at cell structure and function. Lessons include individual parts of the cell and the cell as a whole. Both plant and animal cells are studied.

Ecology Course

Students explore the complex web of relationships among plants and animals in a given location. Causes and effects of increasing and decreasing biodiversity are also discussed.

Theory of Evolution Course

The theory of evolution, including natural selection, is the focus of this class. Students learn about evolution as it applies to plants, animals and humans. Coursework may also include studies on genetics and on the patterns of evolution.

Career Information for Graduates

In many cases, the online master's degree in biology is intended for working educators; however, graduates may also work for hospitals or pharmaceutical companies in research or development capacities. Teachers with this level of education typically work with high school students and younger, and the BLS reports that these individuals earned between $31,000 and $81,000 annually, based on the bureau's 2008 data.

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Overview of an Online Master of Science in Chemistry

Students in online graduate programs in chemistry explore the properties and reactions of chemicals and compounds used in biochemistry, neurochemistry, medicinal chemistry and industrial chemistry. Research and development of chemistry-based solutions is a common emphasis in graduate-level chemistry programs. Some schools offer their distance learning programs in chemistry in close cooperation with businesses to provide hands-on lab work and research experience.

Program Information and Requirements

While students enrolled in a distance learning master's degree program in chemistry can complete it in about two years, part-time students complete it in about 3-4 years. Some programs require short periods of time on-campus for academic sessions or exams. Students may have the option of choosing a thesis track or non-thesis track for their studies. Course delivery systems include streaming Web videos, podcasts, video conferences, discussion boards and e-mail.
In addition to a computer and reliable Internet access, students should have video and sound cards installed in order to view online lectures. Some programs may require a Web camera for interactive learning experiences.

Common Chemistry Courses

Students can pursue a specialized academic track in addition to completing core courses required for graduation. Common chemistry tracks include biotechnology, pharmaceutical chemistry or industrial chemistry.

Chemistry Research Course

This course covers the design and implementation of chemistry research proposals. From initial query to analysis of data and reporting of results, students are introduced to accepted practices and ethical standards of conduct.

Overview of Biochemistry Course

Students in this class concentrate on chemical processes that take place within cells. Topics discussed include acids, proteins, enzymes and vitamins.

Medicinal Chemistry Course

Coursework focuses on the composition, effectiveness and contraindications of a variety of commonly prescribed drugs. Lessons typically cover the medications used to treat the central nervous system and cardiovascular conditions as well as highlighting common illnesses.

Career Information for Graduates

BLS reports that significant job growth for chemists isn't expected between 2008 and 2018. Master's degree holders, along with Ph.D. holders, are likely to see some job growth, although it will be competitive. While chemical manufacturing jobs are likely to decline, pharmaceutical and biotechnology jobs are expected to increase slightly.

Distance Learning Fees: Overview of Common Tuition and Fee Structures

Tuition and fees for online classes are often charged on the same structure as tuition and fees for traditional classes. However, differences may exist between in-state and out-of-state tuition, price limits at full-time student status and student fees for online classes.

Basic Tuition and Fee Structures for On-Campus Students

Colleges typically charge a given amount of tuition per credit hour for on-campus classes that a student is enrolled in. Charges per credit continue to accrue until a student reaches what the college considers full-time status, usually 12 credit hours. At this point, additional credits do not accrue more charges until a student reaches an overtime status, at which point some colleges may add additional per-credit or tuition charges.
Public or state schools throw an additional variable into the equation with two different tuition rates depending on whether a student is a resident of the college's home state or not. Tuition for in-state students is usually much less than tuition for out-of-state students.
Atop these tuition charges, most colleges add student fees, which provide for computer technology and machinery costs, student athletic teams, activities, student life services and other similar costs.

Differences Between Online and Traditional Tuition and Fee Structures

There may be several differences in how colleges handle tuition and fees for distance learning classes. The two key questions are whether distance learning and on-site tuition are considered the same or different, and what the college's policy is regarding out-of-state tuition for online classes. There may also be other minor differences in the way that student fees are charged to students in distance learning classes.
Some colleges treat distance learning classes just as other classes, charging an in-state or out-of-state rate per credit with a price cap that kicks in once an individual takes enough credits to be considered a full-time student.
On the other hand, colleges may not recognize a full-time status for distance learning classes, which means the costs per credit are the same for a student taking one course or six. The upside to this situation for distance learners is that they can take less than a full-time course load without incurring all the extra costs that would come with additional years on-campus.
Some public schools charge all online students the in-state rate or the out-of-state rate regardless of their state of residence, so potential distance learners should research schools thoroughly. In many colleges, the main difference in cost between distance learning and traditional classes is the fees charged apart from tuition. Distance learners may pay a technology fee, but they will save a great deal on room and board, which averaged $8,595 at private schools and $7,404 at public schools in 2007-2008, according to College Board (www.collegeboard.com).

Distance Education Programs in Aramaic Studies: Overview of Learning Options

Online education programs focusing exclusively on Aramaic Studies are very rare. However, individuals with an interest in Aramaic can approach the study of it from disciplines such as linguistics or religious studies. Depending on their interests and career paths, students might take non-credit courses in the language or pursue master's degrees in theology or linguistics.

Online Learning Options for Aramaic Studies

Because Aramaic is a rare language, there are few online programs devoted specifically to its study. However, the language has a rich and significant history, so courses in several disciplines include discussions of Aramaic to varying extents. Some programs in theology and linguistics include courses that address the cultural, historical, literary and religious significance of Aramaic.

Program Information and Requirements

The characteristics and requirements of an online Aramaic study program will vary widely depending on a student's intentions and approach. Those with a strong interest in the linguistic or religious significance of Aramaic might pursue an online master's degree program in linguistics or theology, which would require several years' worth of coursework and a written thesis. On the other hand, a student with an amateur interest in the language might enroll in one or two non-credit online classes that would provide an introduction to the language and its cultural significance without requiring an entire degree program.
Online Aramaic courses will generally combine readings from a textbook or primary text with audio or video lectures delivered via the Internet. Students should have access to a computer with a high-speed Internet connection.

List of Aramaic Courses

In general, courses on Aramaic will fall under the category of either linguistics or theology. Some examples are given below, though the extent to which a given class of each type focuses on Aramaic in particular may vary widely.

Old Testament Course

A general course on the Old Testament might not focus exclusively on the study of Aramaic. However, it will give the interested student an introduction to what are perhaps the most famous Aramaic texts, the Biblical books of Daniel and Ezra. Studying these texts, even in translation, will offer a beginning familiarity with the cultural, literary and religious significance of the Aramaic language.

World Linguistics Course

An online world linguistics course introduces the basic world language families, including the Semitic branch to which Aramaic belongs. A comprehensive overview of global linguistics will give students an outline of how Aramaic is similar to languages such as Arabic and Hebrew, and of its unique qualities.

Biblical Aramaic Course

A course in biblical Aramaic provides a theological approach to the Aramaic language. Discussion generally focuses on the Old Testament, sometimes with supplementary coverage of Aramaic texts from the Talmud.

Continuing Education Information

A background in Aramaic studies can be useful for scholars in several fields. Students might consider graduate programs in history or linguistics. Knowledge of Aramaic is also useful in divinity schools, where speakers can read parts of the Old Testament and the Talmud in the original.

Career Education Online: Guide to Online Career Education Options

Career education refers to academic programs which prepare students for direct entry into a profession, with fields ranging from healthcare to financial management. Online career education options enable students to gain job training from the comfort of home. For subject areas that emphasize practical skills, some internship or on-campus participation may be required. Career education online may result in awards at the undergraduate and graduate level.

Online Career Education Overview

The term 'career education' can apply to a wide assortment of academic programs. Traditionally, this phrase refers to programs that prepare students for direct entry to a vocation or trade. Many such programs are intended for adult or nontraditional students. Career education programs may therefore be offered through dedicated vocational or technical schools; however, many colleges and universities have specific departments or divisions for career education. Career education may also be offered online or through assorted remote-schooling methods. In this case, relevant courses and programs may be found by visiting the school's distance-learning or continuing education website.
One important criterion that potential online career education enrollees should consider is whether or not a school is accredited. Many untrustworthy, profit-based businesses may try to sell themselves as schools without approval from nationally recognized accreditation councils. All prospective students should confirm that the school they are considering is accredited by a valid agency before submitting an application or tuition.

Online Delivery Methods and Requirements

Online career education programs are designed for those with daytime obligations, such as family or work, which keep them from attending traditional on-campus programs. To accommodate the needs of busy students, online career education programs offer flexible scheduling. While most lectures are accessed asynchronously, and readings and assignments can be completed anytime, some tests and projects have fixed due dates.
To pursue career education online, all applicants must have basic proficiency using computers. Throughout the duration of their program of choice, they must have ongoing access to a computer with high-speed Internet. A personal e-mail address may also be necessary. Depending on the school and subject, additional software or hardware may be needed. Most schools host programs through their own website or a third-party content delivery system, such as Blackboard.

Practical Education and Fieldwork

For career education subject areas that require hands-on training--such as construction and hospitality fields, for example--online students may be asked to complete an internship with a local business that specializes in their field of study. These must be arranged through or approved by faculty from the school. Alternately, an on-campus summer session or weekend retreat may be necessary to train and monitor students in experiential work. Online career education programs with on-site components may be referred to as 'hybrid' or 'degree completion' programs.

Sample Career Education Programs Online

Career education programs span all fields and industries, and they may result in diplomas, certificates or degrees. Independent courses in career education subjects are also available; these include for-credit and non-credit classes. Some examples of online career education programs are:

• Certificate in Computer Programming
• Certificate of Completion in Real Estate
• Associate of Applied Science in Nursing
• Associate of Science in Accounting
• Bachelor of Arts in Fire Service Administration
• Bachelor of Science in Allied Health Management
• Bachelor of Science in Web Development
• Master of Science in Education

Best Universities with E-Learning Programs: List of Schools

Electronic learning is available in online, DVD, CD-ROM and videoconferencing formats. It is generally employed in distance learning programs. A distance learning program may require proctored exams and some programs have additional on-campus requirements.

Top U.S. Universities with Electronic and Online Learning Programs

1. Pennsylvania State University

Pennsylvania State University (PSU) was 47th in U.S. News & World Report's 2011 ranking of top universities in the nation. The Princeton Review also recognized PSU with a 2nd place ranking for best career services in the 2011 edition of The Best 373 Colleges.
PSU operates its distance learning programs through its World Campus division. Bachelor's and master's degree programs are offered in education, engineering, business, criminal justice and nursing, among others. Available graduate and undergraduate certificate programs include digital arts, weather forecasting and hospitality management. Students take courses online and sit for exams at one of PSU's 24 campuses or with an approved proctor.

Contact Information

• Address: 201 Old Main, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
• Phone Number: (814) 865-4700

2. University of Florida

Approximately 90% of incoming freshmen at the University of Florida (UF) scored above average on standardized exams and 94% return to UF for their sophomore year. UF was named the nation's second best value in public colleges by the Kiplinger Personal Finance magazine in 2010.
UF's Division of Continuing Education offers degree and non-degree distance learning programs through online, video and CD-ROM formats. Many online bachelor's, master's, doctorate and specialist students work full- or part-time and are not first-time college students. Available areas of study include veterinary science, sport management, pharmacy, engineering and environmental science.

Contact Information

• Address: 355 Tigert Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611
• Phone Number: (352) 392-3261

List of Good U.S. Schools with E-learning Programs

School Name	Total Student Enrollment	Phone Number
University of Minnesota - Twin Cities	51,659	(612) 625-5000
University of Florida	50,691	(352) 392-3261
Michigan State University	47,071	(517) 355-1855
Pennsylvania State University	45,185	(814) 865-4700
Indiana University - Bloomington	42,347	(812) 855-4848
Florida State University	39,785	(850) 644-2525
Florida International University	39,610	(305) 348-2000
North Carolina State University at Raleigh	33,819	(919) 515-2011
Virginia Commonwealth University	32,172	(804) 828-0100
Boston University	31,960	(617) 353-2000
University of Cincinnati	31,134	(513) 556-6000
Northeastern University	27,537	(617) 373-2000
George Washington University	25,061	(202) 994-1000
Columbia University in the City of New York	24,230	(212) 854-1754
Drexel University	22,493	(215) 895-2000
Syracuse University	19,638	(315) 443-1870
Rochester Institute of Technology	15,445	(585) 475-2411
The New School	10,260	(212) 229-5600
New Jersey Institute of Technology	8,840	(973) 596-3000
University of Illinois at Springfield	4,977	(217) 206-6600

All About Online Bachelor's Degree Programs

You would like to earn a bachelor's degree, but do not have the time to commit to four years in residence at a brick and mortar college or university. You could always enroll in an online degree program - and here are a few things you might like to know about earning your undergraduate degree online.

What is a bachelor's degree?
A bachelor's degree, baccalaureate degree, or undergraduate degree is a degree usually consisting of 120 credits or semester hours. It prepares students for a particular occupation or enables them to go on to pursue higher education such as a master's degree.
What makes an online bachelor's degree different from a traditional bachelor's degree?
An online degree is something new to the field of academia, and has only attained prominence over the course of the last several years as internet use becomes widespread at all levels of society. Such a degree program enables students to 'attend' all of their classes from their own homes or places of business or even from a public access internet computer (such as is found in a public library) for students who do not themselves have access to the internet.
This type of arrangement is especially convenient for students who are employed and/or have family commitments, as they are not required to live on or near a college campus. Another convenience is that most online classes tend to be scheduled during evening or weekend hours, as it is presumed that the majority of students will be working full-time.
What types of courses must I take to earn my online bachelor's degree?
Just like in a traditional bachelor's program at a brick and mortar college or university, the online bachelor's degree requires that a student complete a certain number of 'core' courses in general knowledge subjects such as:

• Natural Sciences and Mathematics
• Social Sciences
• Communications
• Humanities (includes literature, art, and music)

Coursework will also be required in a major subject area - the difference being that an online student typically selects a degree program before enrolling, whereas a student at a traditional college or university tends to enroll in the school first and may take a year or two before declaring a major.
What types of bachelor's degree programs will be available to me online?
There are a wide variety of programs available online these days, in most of the subjects you could study at a traditional college or university. There are, of course, exceptions, as certain subjects (studio art, theater, and music, amongst others) cannot be taught without hands-on experience. You can, however, find a number of online degree programs in such popular subject areas as:

• English, History
• Sociology
• Psychology
• Computer Science
• Criminal Justice

Advantages of E-Learning Programs

Individuals who cannot fit a traditional campus college program into their schedule, but are still interested in pursuing a college education, may want to consider an e-learning program through the Internet. Online programs often allow one to take classes on a flexible schedule more conducive to his or her lifestyle.

What are the Advantages of E-Learning?

Depending on lifestyle, work schedule or other factors, prospective students may find certain benefits to pursuing their college education through an e-learning program. Advantages can include a flexible class schedule, more conducive work pace and, in some instances, easier access to teachers. E-learning programs often require certain software and Web applications in order to participate.

Flexible Class Schedules

Flexible class scheduling allows for a student to receive instruction when it best fits his or her needs. This can be especially beneficial to those with full-time jobs, who travel a lot or have family responsibilities. Taking a course on one's own schedule also allows a student to choose a time when he or she is most alert and best able to absorb the information. Many online degree programs offer course material, such as lectures and previous class discussions, for review 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Virtual Access to Instructors and Classmates

Online technologies, such as chat rooms, may allow for easier interaction between students and instructors in a virtual classroom. Individuals can answer questions and make comments at their own pace. Students who are shy or feel intimidated in a large on-campus class may find it easier to participate in virtual discussions with fellow classmates from the comfort of their own home. The use of chat rooms and newsgroups may also make it easier for students to meet for group projects, eliminating the need to go to a mutually decided location.
Through the use of chat rooms or Web applications, such as Blackboard, online students might have more 1-on-1 interaction with a teacher virtually than they have directly in a large, traditional classroom setting. In many cases, such online interactions may make the teacher more easily accessible when it comes to general discussion and getting questions answered. Not only do students have access to the same instructors teaching courses on campus, they often receive instruction from teachers located in other parts of the country or even around the world.

Yoga Teacher Training Via Distance Education

Several private yoga centers offer yoga teacher training programs composed of on-site and distance education. Graduates may register as yoga teachers at the 200-hour and 500-hour level through the Yoga Alliance.

Overview of Yoga Teacher Training via Distance Education

Due to the hands-on nature of yoga practice, registered yoga teacher training programs are not available without some on-site training. Certain registered yoga programs, however, offer a portion of the training via distance education; this training segment entails reading assigned texts, looking up questions online and sending written answers via mail or e-mail. Some schools feature online discussion forums for periods when students are not studying on-site.
The Yoga Alliance, which registers yoga teachers and yoga schools in the United States, is a non-profit organization that was formed in 1999 to establish minimum standards for teaching yoga. It offers three levels of registration for yoga teachers, including Registered Yoga Teacher (200 hour), Registered Yoga Teacher (500 hour) and Experienced Registered Yoga Teacher. Standards for registration include providing teacher training certificates with documented on-site training hours and classroom teaching experience. Yoga Alliance registration is not legally required to teach yoga in the United States; however, registration is often pursued to lend credibility to teaching credentials (www.yogaalliance.org).

200-Hour Yoga Teacher Training Certification

Teacher training programs at the 200-hour level are not available entirely via distance education due to the Yoga Alliance contact hour guidelines, which require 180 contact hours to become a registered yoga teacher at the 200-hour level. Students may conduct the remaining 20 hours through at-home writing assignments. These programs may be completed in a 30-day format or over a period of months at universities and private yoga schools. Topics include study of physical yogic postures (asana), breathing work (pranayama), yogic philosophy, meditation, prenatal yoga, yogic anatomy, manual adjustments, sequencing and more. Students conduct a minimum of ten practice teaching hours and graduates receive a 200-hour certificate of completion.

500-Hour Yoga Teacher Training Certification

Upon successful completion of a 200-hour certificate course, students may pursue the 300-hour training program, which leads to qualification for registry with the Yoga Alliance at the 500-hour level. These programs are generally on-site programs; some schools offer the 300-hour program through a mix of distance education and on-site training. Program formats for schools offering a distance education module include 1-2 week on-site training periods and independent study. During off-site periods, students complete reading and writing assignments, communicate with teachers via mail or e-mail and participate in online discussions. Most 300-hour certificate programs range in length from six months to three years.
This program expands on topics covered in the 200-hour course and emphasizes student teaching. Study topics include asana, sequencing, chanting, therapeutic applications, meditation, teaching ethics, business practice and advanced manual adjustments. Texts vary, but may include The Bhagavad Gita, The Ramayana, Trailguide to the Body, Yoga Anatomy and Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. Students also complete 40 hours of supervised classroom teaching. Graduates of these programs receive a 300-hour certificate of completion.

Advanced Yoga Teacher Training via Distance Education

Longer programs, designed for in-depth study of yoga practice and teaching, may also be partially completed via distance education. These programs consist of intensive on-site practice periods and independent study, composed of personal practice, writing assignments and e-mail communication with teachers. Such programs offer up to 2,000 hours of training and may be used to gain Yoga Alliance teacher registration and continuing education credit.
Topics vary, but often expand on 500-hour program coursework and include the subtle body, interior body locks (bhandas), symbolic hand gestures (mudras), advanced nutrition, advanced therapeutics, ayurvedic principles. Additional classes cover include Sanskrit, Hindu cultural history, Tantra, the Vedas, the Upanishads, studies of Krishnamacharya and an apprenticeship with a master teacher.

Prerequisites for Online RN Programs: Info for Aspiring Students

Caring for sick and injured individuals requires a strong set of technical, interpersonal and medical skills. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that registered nurses (RNs) may be urgently needed in upcoming years due to nationwide staffing shortages as well as an increasing elderly population. Prerequisite coursework for aspiring RNs may be completed online. Read on to learn more about how to get started in this field.

Becoming a Registered Nurse

To become an RN, individuals must first earn an associate's or bachelor's degree or a postsecondary diploma in the field. The American Nurses Association asserts that the most common option is the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) followed by the Associate's Degree in Nursing (ADN). Upon acquiring a degree or diploma, programs graduates must pass the National Council Licensure Exam for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) in order to ultimately gain the registered nurse credential.
However, many nursing degree programs require that applicants complete some prerequisite coursework before they can be admitted. According to a study published by the Research and Planning Group for California Community Colleges, prerequisites commonly include courses in English and math as well as science classes in biology, chemistry, microbiology, anatomy and physiology. The study also found that those who satisfied core prerequisites successfully completed nursing degree programs at higher rates than those who did not.

Fulfilling RN Degree Program Prerequisites Online

Taking nursing degree prerequisites online may mean that individuals can complete their studies more quickly once they enroll in an RN program. Distance education allows for scheduling flexibility, and enrollees are able complete their work from the comfort of home. There are a few options for completing prerequisites online.
One popular option is to enroll in individual online courses. Many institutions offer prerequisite nursing classes online, although they may not be listed as such. For example, completing any introductory anatomy class should suffice, even if it is not listed as a nursing prerequisite class. Some courses may ask for proof of high school graduation or its equivalent, while others have open enrollment to all who are interested. Prior to enrolling in prerequisite classes online, prospective students should verify that they can receive appropriate credit from the nursing degree or diploma program from which they hope to graduate.
In some degree programs, prerequisites are built into the curriculum but can be completed online before the student visits campus to enter the main component of the registered nursing training program. However, there are also dedicated pre-nursing programs on the Web. These typically cover all of the coursework needed to satisfy prerequisites, apart from a nursing degree program, but may be more costly or offer less scheduling flexibility than independent courses or taking prerequisites within a nursing program.
Although pathways to nursing differ for aspiring students, those who successfully complete online prerequisites, a nursing school program and the necessary steps to obtain licensure can land a successful career in a field that is high in demand in the U.S.

Career and Education Outlook for Aspiring Nurses

As of 2010, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) expects all healthcare occupations to expand, but predicts that nursing jobs will expand more than any other occupation. The BLS predicts that 581,500 job openings for RNs will result between 2008 and 2018. The median annual salary of registered nurses was $62,450 as of 2008.
Registered nurses currently form the largest segment of healthcare workers combined, but there may be a shortage in the near future that will further provide opportunities for aspiring nurses. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), factors contributing to a persistent shortage of nurses include low nursing school enrollment to keep up with demand; however, the American Organization of Nursing Executives reports increased nursing school enrollment as of 2010. In order to address the shortage and to court prospective nurses, national initiatives have included offering accelerated degree programs for those with a bachelor's degree in another field, as well as scholarships and federal loan forgiveness programs.